Properties of Casting Steel
Feb 22, 2022
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Cast steels are capable of being made with a wide variety of mechanical characteristics. When it comes to the physical qualities of cast steel, the chemical composition and heat treatment make a major difference. According to DawangCasting, they are chosen based on how well they meet the performance requirements of the application in question.
Resistance to wear and tear
The ability of a substance to withstand friction and wear. Cast steel has a wear resistance that is comparable to that of wrought steels with similar chemical composition. The inclusion of alloying elements such as molybdenum and chromium can improve the wear resistance of a piece of equipment.
Corrosion resistance
The ability of a substance to withstand oxidation and rust is called oxidation resistance. Cast steel has a corrosion resistance that is comparable to that of wrought steel, if not better. High-alloy steels with high concentrations of chromium and nickel are extremely resistant to oxidation.
Machinability
Machinability refers to the ease with which a steel casting may be reshaped by removing material from it (cutting, grinding, or drilling). The hardness, strength, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion of a material have an impact on its machinability.
Weldability
The ability of a steel casting to be welded together without causing faults is known as weldability. The chemical composition and thermal treatment of the steel casting are the most important factors affecting weldability.
Hardness
Abrasion resistance is the capacity of a substance to tolerate abrasion. The amount of carbon in steel controls the maximum hardness that may be achieved, also known as hardenability.
Strength
The amount of force required to cause a material to deform. Steel with greater strength is produced by increasing the carbon content and hardness of the steel.
Ductility
Tensile strength is the ability of a metal to deform when subjected to tensile stress. Steel with better ductility is produced by having a lower carbon content and a lower hardness.
Toughness
The capacity to remain calm under pressure. A higher degree of ductility is typically connected with greater toughness. The addition of alloying metals and heat treatment can be used to modify the toughness of a material.
Ability to withstand high temperatures
Temperature-induced degradation of mechanical characteristics and early failure in steels working at higher temperatures than the ambient temperature can occur owing to oxidation and hydrogen damage, as well as sulfite scaling and carbide instability.
Low temperatures properties
When exposed to low temperatures, cast steel's hardness is significantly weakened. The capacity of a casting to endure loads and strains can be improved by the use of alloying and particular heat treatments.
Cast steel's chemical Composition
It is common practice to utilise the chemical composition of cast steel to categories it or provide standard designations. In general, carbon cast steel and alloyed cast steel are the two types of cast steel that may be distinguished.
I. Steel made of carbon
Carbon cast steels, like wrought steels, can be classed based on the amount of carbon in the alloy. Cast steel with a carbon content of less than 0.2 percent is brittle and cannot be heat treated easily. It is possible to strengthen medium carbon cast steel (0.2–0.5 percent carbon) by heat treatment. When maximum hardness and wear resistance are required, high carbon cast steel (0.5 percent carbon) should be utilised.
II. Alloyed Cast steel
Alloy steels with more than 10% chromium, such as stainless steel and Hadfield's manganese steel, are among the most often used. Corrosion-resistant stainless steel is made with the addition of chromium, which creates a passivation layer when exposed to oxygen. The difference is that Hadfield's steel has a high manganese concentration, which makes it extremely strong and resistant to abrasion when worked vigorously.